Suivez-nous : 
Lundi 23 octobre 2017
Régulation | 12:00-14:00
Salle R2-01, Campus Jourdan, 48 boulevard Jourdan, 75014 Paris
WILLIAMS III Roberton (University of Maryland) : Unemployment
and Environmental Regulation in General Equilibrium
Résumé
-
This presentation
will cover two closely related papers. The first paper analyzes the
effects of environmental policy on employment (and unemployment) using
a new general-equilibrium two-sector search model. We find that
imposing a pollution tax causes substantial reductions in employment in
the regulated (polluting) industry, but this is offset by increased
employment in the unregulated (nonpolluting) sector. Thus the policy
causes a substantial shift in employment between industries, but the
net effect on overall employment (and unemployment) is small, even in
the short run. An environmental performance standard causes a
substantially smaller sectoral shift in employment than the emissions
tax, with roughly similar net effects. The effects on the unregulated
industry suggest that empirical studies of environmental regulation
that focus only on regulated firms can be misleading (and those that
use nonregulated firms as controls for regulated firms will be even
more misleading). This paper’s results also suggest that overall
effects on employment are not a major issue for environmental policy,
and that policymakers who want to minimize sectoral shifts in
employment might prefer performance standards over environmental taxes.
Mardi 24 octobre 2017
Soutenance de thèse
COMBE Julien
Essays in matching theory and its application
Sous la direction de : TERCIEUX Olivier
Economie appliquée | 12:30-13:30
Salle R2-01, Campus Jourdan, 48 boulevard Jourdan, 75014 Paris
FERNANDEZ SANCHEZ Martin (PSE) : School
Segregation and Long-term Happiness : Evidence from the 1981
Privatization Reform in Chile
- Résumé
In 1981 the Chilean
Military Government introduced a new system of school financing and
choice that led to an exodus of middle-class students from public to
subsidized private schools. Using contemporaneous household surveys and
historical administrative data of enrollment before and after the
reform, I examine the long-term impact of increasing subsidized private
enrollment –and thereby segregation- on subjective well-being. The
results show that children from poor families were negatively affected
by the policy change. On average, being exposed to a 10 percentage
point increase in subsidized private enrollment during childhood is
associated with a drop in adult life satisfaction of 6% of a standard
deviation, an effect equivalent to a fall in household income of 30%.
PSI PSE | 17:00-18:00
SOTURA Aurélie (PSE) : Geographical
disparities in housing prices, rents and personal income in France -
1880-2015
Mercredi 25 octobre
2017
Soutenance de thèse
ANTONIN Célline
Les comportements d’épargne des ménages
français et européens
Sous la direction de : BOURDIEU Jérôme ; ROGER Muriel
Histoire économique | 12:30-14:00
Salle R2-20, Campus Jourdan, 48 boulevard
Jourdan, 75014 Paris
HANLON Walker (NYU Stern School of Business) : A Century of
Pollution and Mortality : London, 1866-1965
Résumé
-
Abstract :
Relatively little is known about how the effects of pollution evolve as
countries develop, due in part to the scarcity of historical pollution
measures. This study improves our understanding of this process by
estimating the acute effects of pollution in London across the century
spanning 1866-1965 using detailed new weekly mortality data. To
identify pollution effects I reviewed daily weather reports for over
31,000 days to identify fog events. I show that these events
substantially increased pollution concentrations and that, because they
depended on a complex set of climatic conditions, their week-to-week
timing was as good as random after appropriate controls are included.
This allows me to explore a variety of questions related to (1) the
overall impact of acute pollution effects in London across the century,
(2) how this impact evolved over time, (3) how pollution effects varied
across age groups, (4) how pollution interacted with infectious
diseases and (5) how the reduction in infectious diseases influenced
the effects of pollution overall and for different age groups.
Jeudi 26 octobre 2017
Soutenance de thèse
PETRONOVICH Anna
Dynamic Factor Models with Non-Linearities : Application to the Business
Cycle Analysis
Sous la direction de : DOZ Catherine ; BILLIO Monica
Macroéconomie | 15:45-17:00
Salle R2-21, PSE - 48 boulevard Jourdan, 75014 Paris
GIAVAZZI Francesco (Bocconi) : The
macroeconomic effects of fiscal adjustment plans
Texte intégral [pdf]
Travail et économie publique | 12:30-13:45
SEIM David (Stockholm University) : Evidence
from a Young Workers Tax Cut in Sweden
Résumé
-
This paper uses
administrative data to analyze a large and long-lasting employer
payroll tax rate cut from 31% down to 15% for young workers (aged 26 or
less) in Sweden. We find a zero effect on net-of-tax wages of young
treated workers relative to slightly older untreated workers, even in
the medium run (after six years). Simple graphical cohort analysis
shows compelling positive effects on the employment rate of the treated
young workers, of about 2—3 percentage points, which arise primarily
from fewer separations (rather than more hiring). These employment
effects are larger in places with initially higher youth unemployment
rates. We also analyze the firm-level effects of the tax cut. We trace
out graphically the time series of outcomes of firms by their
persistent share of treated young workers just before the reform, to
which the tax cut windfall is proportionate. First, heavily treated
firms expand after the reform : employment, capital, sales, value added,
and profits all increase. These effects appear stronger in
credit-constrained firms, consistent with liquidity effects. Second,
heavily treated firms increase the wages of all their workers — young
as well as old — collectively, perhaps through rent sharing. Wages of
low paid workers rise more in percentage terms. Rather than canonical
market-level adjustment, we uncover a crucial role of firm-level
mechanisms in the transmission of payroll tax cuts.
Macroéconomie | 15:45-17:00
Salle R2-21, PSE - 48 boulevard Jourdan, 75014
Paris
AGHION Philippe (Collège de France)
Vendredi 27 octobre
2017
Economie et psychologie | 11:00-12:30
Salle 17 MSE
Gary Charness (UC Santa Barbara)
Choices Over Biased Information Structures :
Reinforcement, Confirmation And Contradiction Seeking Behavior In The
Laboratory
Abstract
-
(with Ryan Oprea and Sevgi Yuksel)
We study choices among information structures that are characterized by
different biases. Bias is introduced via either distortion, through
possibility of false reports as in cheap talk games of Crawford and
Sobel (1982), or via filtering, through possibility of strategic
omission of information as in disclosure games of Milgrom and Roberts
(1986). The experimental design exploits how the optimal information
structure depends on one’s prior and the form of the bias- filtering or
distortion. Typing subjects based on their choices in a series of
questions spanning these cases, we find strong evidence for
confirmation, contradiction and certainty seeking behavior. This is
particularly surprising given that traditional explanations for
confirmation or contradiction seeking behavior are shut down in our
design. Finally, we do not observe bias in choices over information
structures to be correlated with biases in how signals are later
interpreted. We discuss implications of our results in the context of
political information and the role of media bias.
EPCI | 11:00-12:30
Salle 116, MSE - PARIS 1
BECKER Bastian (Bard College Berlin) : Mind
the Income Gaps ? The lasting effect of information on redistributive
preferences
Résumé
-
Individuals reject
economic inequality if they believe it to result from unequal
opportunities. This paper argues income gaps between inborn groups,
such as gender or race, serve people as an indication of unequal
opportunities. Findings from a survey experiment show Americans
underestimate these gaps. When confronted with accurate information
participants correct their beliefs and adjust redistributive
preferences. A follow-up survey finds these effects to last for over
one year and to induce the same preference changes across the
ideological divide. In sum, this paper contributes to political economy
scholarship that links individual preferences to objective economic
reality. Focusing on income gaps offers new ways to explore the
political consequences of changes in the income distribution.
- Texte intégral [pdf]
Casual Friday Development Seminar |
12:45-13:45
Salle R2-01, Campus Jourdan, 48 boulevard Jourdan, 75014 Paris
OLCKERS Matthew (PSE) : Friend-based targeting
|